07/13/2026
: Understanding Stomatitis in Cats
What is feline stomatitis & what causes it?
Feline stomatitis is a severe, painful inflammation of the gums and tissues inside a cat's mouth. While the exact cause isn't fully understood, it's believed that many cats have an abnormal immune response to plaque and bacteria on their teeth. Instead of fighting the bacteria normally, the immune system overreacts, causing widespread inflammation and painful ulcers. Dental disease, viruses such as feline calicivirus (FCV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), along with other underlying health conditions, may also play a role.
Signs to Watch For
• Bad breath (halitosis)
• Excessive drooling
• Difficulty eating or chewing
• Weight loss
• Pawing at the mouth
• Decreased grooming
• Red, swollen, or bleeding gums
• Oral pain or sensitivity around the face and mouth
How Is It Diagnosed?
Your veterinarian will perform a thorough oral examination and may recommend:
• Bloodwork and urinalysis
• Testing for FIV and FeLV
• Dental X-rays
• A biopsy of oral tissue in some cases to rule out other diseases or oral cancer
Treatment Options
Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and controlling pain. Depending on the severity, your veterinarian may recommend:
• Professional dental cleaning
• Pain medications and anti-inflammatory therapy
• Antibiotics when appropriate
• Dental home care products
• Immunosuppressive therapy, such as stem cell therapy or feline interferon omega, in select cases
• Extraction of some, or even all, teeth in severe cases
Although tooth extraction may sound drastic, many cats experience significant pain relief and go on to live happy, comfortable lives. In fact, dental extractions are often the most effective long-term treatment for severe stomatitis.
Caring for a Cat with Stomatitis
• Follow your veterinarian's treatment plan closely.
• Feed soft or moistened food if recommended.
• Administer medications as directed.
• Schedule regular dental evaluations.
• Monitor for changes in appetite, weight, or comfort level.
The sooner stomatitis is diagnosed and treated, the better the outcome. Early intervention can dramatically improve your cat's comfort and quality of life, helping them get back to eating, grooming, and feeling like themselves again.