30/05/2026
THE LINK BETWEEN PAIN AND BEHAVIOUR
In approximately 90% of the aggression and reactivity cases I encounter involving both cats and dogs, pain is identified as the underlying cause. Guardians often report either a sudden change in behaviour or a noticeable escalation of existing behaviours over a relatively short period. Pain can significantly reduce an animal's tolerance threshold, resulting in increased sensitivity to sounds, touch, handling, or environmental stimuli that were previously well tolerated. It may also lead to behavioural changes such as social withdrawal, reduced appetite, decreased activity levels, and a diminished interest in play, exercise, or walks. In many instances, these changes represent coping mechanisms through which animals attempt to manage or conceal pain and discomfort.
For this reason, I always recommend that guardians arrange a veterinary examination as a first step to rule out any underlying medical conditions. I also advise against reactive training interventions, including intensive training programmes or board-and-train solutions, particularly for dogs. Pain cannot be trained out of an animal, and inappropriate interventions may inadvertently increase stress and contribute to an escalation of the presenting behaviours. Furthermore, if pain or another medical condition is not immediately apparent and remains undiagnosed, the animal's condition may deteriorate over time.
Cats, in particular, are highly adept at masking pain and often display subtle signs of discomfort. Guardians should therefore pay close attention to even minor changes in behaviour, daily routines, activity levels, grooming habits, appetite, or social interactions, as these may indicate an underlying medical issue. Behavioural changes are sometimes attributed solely to the ageing process; however, while age-related changes can occur, a veterinary assessment remains essential. Conditions such as arthritis and other painful disorders are common in older animals and, when identified and treated appropriately, can significantly improve their quality of life and overall wellbeing.
Understanding the relationship between pain and behaviour is fundamental to safeguarding an animal's welfare and wellbeing. When behavioural changes arise, a veterinary consultation should always be the first step. Once medical causes have been identified, addressed, or ruled out, a qualified behaviourist can then provide appropriate support where necessary.