10/07/2026
THE POWER OF SELECTIVE BREEDING AND GENETICS
The impressive tree-climbing ability of a Dachshund is a great reminder of just how powerful genetics can be!
Prey drive, or the predatory motor pattern, is an innate behavioural system that motivates dogs to locate, chase, capture and consume prey. In breeds developed for hunting and vermin control, this drive can be exceptionally strong. Their low arousal threshold coupled with their persistence, determination, and motivation results in highly autonomous actions when they detect movement, scent and small animals. They react rapidly to micro movements which can escalate quickly into high alarm and chase behaviours which lead to them zoning their guardians out!
Guardians of Dachshunds and small Terriers - such as Jack Russells, Yorkshire Terriers, Fox Terriers and Schnauzers - are sometimes frustrated by behaviours such as sharp alert barking, digging, chasing, grabbing and shaking behaviours. It can come as a surprise to these guardians to learn that, despite their small size and adorable appearance, these breeds were never selectively bred to be couch potatoes or lap dogs. They were bred to be independent actors from their guardians.
If smaller breeds with these genetics can be this 'frustrating' and tenacious, just double or triple the strength, tenacity, energy and sheer determination levels of a Bull Terrier, Pittie, or a Staffordshire Terrier. The prey drive in these breeds can be a force of nature when activated. Once activated, nothing else matters to them as these innate prey drive activities are extremely neurochemically rewarding and moitvating. Similar considerations apply to other high prey drive dogs like German Shepherds or Cane Corsos.
Although modern companion dogs may enjoy soft beds, blankets and cosy fireplaces, their genetics still reflect generations of selective breeding for hunting, tracking, digging, pursuing and unaliving prey. These working traits have not simply disappeared because their role has changed.
Many behaviours that guardians find challenging today - barking, digging, chasing birds, rodents, cats or snakes, following scents and constantly exploring - are often normal expressions of breed-specific genetics rather than signs of stubbornness, naughtiness or poor training. Furthermore, these traits cannot be trained out of a dog for human convenience.
Selective breeding increases the likelihood that these behaviours will occur. Their expression is also influenced by health, emotions, environment, learning history, diet, motivation and individual personality. Boredom, frustration and a lack of appropriate enrichment can further increase the frequency or intensity of these behaviours.
When choosing a dog, avoid making your decision based on appearance alone. Take the time to understand the purpose for which the breed was developed, as well as its inherent behavioural traits and physical and mental needs. Selecting a breed whose natural characteristics are well suited to your lifestyle, household and environment helps establish realistic expectations and promotes long-term success for both guardian and dog. In my behavioural practice, I frequently assess dogs from highly vocal breeds who are left alone for extended periods without sufficient mental stimulation, physical exercise or appropriate environmental enrichment. The resulting frustration and boredom often manifest as excessive barking and other destructive behaviours, which can lead to conflict with neighbours and, ultimately, compromise the welfare and wellbeing of the dog.
And remember...it's not all about how you raise them. Genetics matter too. 😉
Does your dog have a high prey drive? What about their behaviour surprises you? Please comment and share a Pic of your hunter (including cat), in the comments 👇🏽
The concepts in this post are supported by current research in canine behaviour, ethology, learning theory, affective neuroscience, veterinary behavioural medicine, and animal wellbeing.
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