09/09/2026
Splenic masses in dogs
Splenic masses are relatively common, particularly in older, large-breed dogs, and they range from benign lesions to highly aggressive malignancies. Importantly, ultrasound appearance alone cannot reliably distinguish benign from malignant masses.
The major differentials are:
Benign Hematoma, nodular hyperplasia, hemangioma Common; may be incidental or cause rupture/hemorrhage
Malignant Hemangiosarcoma (HSA), histiocytic sarcoma, lymphoma, leiomyosarcoma Variable prognosis; HSA is the major concern
Other Abscess, granuloma, infarct, metastatic disease Less common
The big concern: hemangiosarcoma
Hemangiosarcoma is the most important malignant splenic tumor to consider. It commonly occurs in older dogs and has a strong association with breeds such as German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers, and Labradors.
What ultrasound can and cannot tell you
Ultrasound is excellent for determining:
Number and location of lesions
Whether the spleen is enlarged
Echogenicity and architecture
Evidence of abdominal hemorrhage
Liver or other organ involvement
Regional lymphadenopathy
But ultrasound cannot definitively differentiate HSA from a hematoma or other splenic lesion.
Features that increase concern include a large, heterogeneous mass, cavitation, abdominal effusion consistent with blood, multiple lesions, and evidence of metastatic disease, but none are diagnostic by themselves.
If a mass is found
A reasonable workup typically includes:
CBC/chemistry → abdominal ultrasound → thoracic imaging → coagulation assessment → surgical consultation/splenectomy when appropriate → histopathology.
If there is hemoabdomen, the decision becomes more urgent. Stabilization followed by splenectomy is often the treatment of choice when the patient is a reasonable surgical candidate.
One very useful statistic
Historically, when dogs with a splenic mass undergo splenectomy, roughly 50–70% of splenic masses may ultimately prove benign, depending on the population studied and how cases are selected. Therefore, finding a splenic mass does not equal a diagnosis of cancer.
The definitive diagnosis is histopathology, not ultrasound appearance.
If your dog has a mass on its spleen it is always worth taking out in my opinion. You have a >50% chance that it is a benign tumor and removal is curative.
Our average price for splenectomy with histopathology is $1300-$1600 depending on the size of the dog. If your dog has a splenic tumor call today to schedule surgery or consultation for your dog.