http://www.windmillfarmsgoldens.com/

Windmill Farms Golden Retrievers, Smithfield, UT (2026)

09/28/2026

Last Friday at the Canine Summit I had a chance to have lunch with an AKC HT Judge and a Veterinarian. Also speaking at the summit.

We had a great conversation about breeding for phenotypes and what it produced in the field vs. what it produces in the office.

The vast majority of attendee questions focused heavily on the Coefficient of Inbreeding (COI), revealing a widespread misconception among breeders that a low COI is the definitive solution to preserving genetic diversity. In reality, a low COI is only a single piece of a much larger puzzle. True genetic sustainability requires a holistic approach that balances mean kinship (mK) to measure a dog's relationship to the entire population, haplotype diversity to safeguard immune system health, the founder genome equivalent to track lost ancestral genetics, and effective population size Ne to monitor population bottlenecks.

I discussed what I do -

To reduce Mean Kinship (mK) and protect your breed’s genetic future, you must shift your focus from individual pedigrees to population-wide management.

1. Identify and Breed "Genetic Outliers" Locate underrepresented lines: Look for healthy, quality dogs from isolated geographic regions, working lines (if separate from show lines), or prefixes that did not follow mainstream breeding trends. Prioritize low-mK individuals: Even if a dog isn't a top show champion, if it is structurally sound, healthy, and has a below-average mK, its genetic value to the breed’s survival is incredibly high.

2. Impose Strict Limits on the "Popular Sire Effect" Set lifetime litter caps: The fastest way to skyrocket a breed's average mK is to allow a few popular champions to sire dozens of litters. This floods the gene pool, making everyone related to the same grandfather. Utilize full brothers: If a specific line has exceptional traits you want to preserve, breed from the champion's less-used, healthy brothers rather than putting all the demand on a single dog.

3. Use Population Management and Matchmaking Software Simulate matings digitally: Aim for breed average or lower: Select pairings where the resulting puppies will have an mK score that is equal to or lower than the current breed average.

4. Implement a "Matrix" Breeding Strategy Avoid breeding "like to like" genetically: Instead of pairing the most genetically common dogs together, breed low-mK dogs to average-mK dogs to gradually pull the entire breed’s average down.

Keep offspring from rare lines: When you do manage to produce a litter from a low-mK dog, ensure that multiple puppies from that litter go to breeding homes so those rare genetics are not lost in a pet home.

Using the UC Davis VGL genomic panel—specifically Internal Relatedness (IR) and Genetic Diversity (GD)—allows breeders to lower Mean Kinship (mK) by replacing paper-pedigree guesswork with actual DNA data. By analyzing the GD profile, breeders can identify "genetic outliers" that carry rare, underrepresented alleles and immune system (DLA) haplotypes; because these dogs carry the least common genetics in the breed, they mathematically possess the lowest mK. Furthermore, by evaluating a dog's IR score (which measures biological inbreeding against breed-wide allele frequencies) and using VGL-linked mating simulators, breeders can actively avoid pairing dogs that carry the same dominant, overrepresented genes. Actively selecting for rare alleles and executing simulated outcrosses that drive IR scores into the negative directly prevents the breed from bottlenecking, successfully lowering the average mean kinship of the entire population over time.

When a breed undergoes the VGL Canine Genetic Diversity Test, UC Davis releases a public, breed-wide report listing every single documented DLA Class I and Class II haplotype along with its exact mathematical frequency in that population. (1,139 registered dogs) Breeders can access these data tables directly on the VGL Canine Genetic Diversity website to cross-reference their own dogs' certificate results. By identifying haplotypes with highly fractional frequencies (e.g., frequencies of 0.01 or lower, meaning they appear in less than 1% of tested dogs), breeders can pinpoint exactly which individuals carry the breed's rarest immune genetics and purposefully incorporate them into their lines to push mean kinship (mK) down.

This genomic strategy represents a massive paradigm shift that the vast majority of breeders completely miss. Most breeders remain comfortably trapped in the "COI vacuum," believing that a low pedigree percentage on paper means they are doing right by their breed. They do not realize that paper pedigrees assume historical ancestors were completely unrelated, which is a mathematical impossibility in closed-register purebred dogs. By focusing strictly on COI, a breeder can inadvertently mate two dogs with a "0% COI" that actually carry the exact same, overrepresented, high-mK alleles at the DNA level—further bottlenecking the breed while believing they are practicing diversity.

So, I shared a similar story: Imagine a man and a woman meet at a festival. They swap family trees, look back 4 or 5 generations, and find absolutely no shared names. On paper, their 'COI' is 0%. They assume they are completely unrelated, marry, and have children. But here is the catch: both of their families have lived in the exact same isolated, tiny mountain village for 300 years. Even though they don't share a recent grandfather on paper, their ancestors have been marrying the neighbors for centuries. Because the village's gene pool is so small, they are actually walking genetic twins. At the DNA level, they are passing down the exact same, highly concentrated genes to their children.

I told them that your goal as a preservation breeder is to seek out lines that have been geographically or historically isolated. In the golden retriever world, this means looking outside your mainstream pedigrees.

WM Farms Breed Preservation will lower mK by integrating the following goldens:

Nova - Outlier or heritage pedigree back to the 1970s.

Rose - Western US born golden who is 1/2 performance back to a outlier or heritage pedigree.

Farah - Western US born golden who is 1/2 performance back to a outlier or heritage pedigree. With a -.15 IR and GD over 60%.

I will first introduce UK genes into their lines, then, DDHF, then CH, back to gundog and finally re-introduce performance lines at the F3 or F4 crosses. These will yield 4 generations of subpopulations available through frozen of live available today.

09/28/2026

Roosters running/flying all around this morning.

09/27/2026

I told my kids how excited I am to see " The Heart of the Beast"

A couple days later, I got this on the family text thread.

09/26/2026

A big thanks to Heather and BHB! It was a pleasure meeting all of you and speaking at the canine summit. What a beautiful retreat and facility.

Good luck to all the dog breeders and their programs!

09/24/2026

The New Future of Dog Breeding.

Published by the Kennel Club (UK)

Get educated, see what's on the horizon. The explosion of millions of commercial and voluntary cheek swabs has effectively pulled back the curtain on the purebred community. It has transitioned from a theoretical discussion about line-breeding to hard, undeniable data. There is a significant shift gaining momentum across the veterinary, scientific, and legal landscapes. The paper from the University of Copenhagen highlights a growing global consensus: the traditional model of pedigree dog breeding, which heavily prioritizes closed-book aesthetics, is becoming unsustainable due to severe health and welfare crises.

"Our full report responds to a recent review paper, ‘A New Future for Dog Breeding’, led by Helle Proschowsky and Peter Sandøe of the Centre for Companion Animal Welfare at the University of Copenhagen. This paper provides an international broad-picture review of current problems with dog breeding practices. It challenges kennel and breed clubs to address these issues more effectively and ‘put the health and welfare of the dogs ahead of human goals.’ We have deliberately used the same title and structured our full report to directly respond to this challenge."

https://www.royalkennelclub.com/media/0lrfhjxp/rkc_report_2026_summary-versionfinal-jan-15th.pdf

If you are too busy to read this article, here's a summary:

Several key factors are driving this momentum toward a new era in dog breeding:

Legal Precedents: Countries like Norway and the Netherlands have already introduced landmark legal restrictions and bans on breeding certain dogs (like British Bulldogs and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels) unless crossbreeding is introduced to fix health issues.

Scientific and Genetic Tools: DNA screening and estimated breeding values (EBVs) are making it easier than ever to track and eliminate inherited diseases before mating occurs.

Public and Veterinary Pressure: Major veterinary associations worldwide are actively campaigning against the commercial normalization of extreme physical traits, shifting consumer demand toward healthier, more functional body shapes.

The "Outcross" Movement: More kennel clubs are facing pressure to open up their historically closed registries, allowing controlled crossbreeding to reintroduce genetic diversity into severely in**ed lines.

WM Farms is attempting to stay within the breed and find all available genes possible. We will cross those through a F1-F4 subpopulation, 15 year plan. We believe we can preserve the very best from the origins of our breed with low COI, mK, IR and GD with increased heterozygosity to mitigate ROH and haplotypes.

09/24/2026

While COI tells you about an individual dog's past (how related its parents were) and haplotypes tell you about its current immune toolkit, mean kinship measures a dog's value to the future of the entire breed.

How these 3 fit together and the goals of each:
(Information is published on ICB, VGL, Betterbred)

Based on population genetics data tracked by institutions like the Institute of Canine Biology, the theoretical lowest possible genetic COI for a golden retriever is roughly 0.4% to 1.7%. However, achieving this absolute floor requires an exact understanding of how Mean Kinship (mK) dictates the math behind a future litter's COI.

In population genetics, a future puppy's Coefficient of Inbreeding (COI) is mathematically determined by the Kinship Coefficient between its sire and dam. If you were to take the two absolute least-related dogs in the entire global breed database, dogs representing completely distinct, isolated lines (such as a remote European hunting line paired with a geographically isolated American field line), their mutual kinship score would approach the absolute population floor. According to the Institute of Canine Biology's golden retriever dashboard, the lowest tracked individual mean kinship score in the breed's global database is 0.4%. Pairing two completely non-overlapping, low-mK outliers yields a genetic COI of under 2%.

Many breeders select a sire and dam that are completely unrelated on a standard 5-generation paper pedigree (which would show a 0% pedigree COI). Yet, when the resulting puppies are DNA tested by Embark for Breeders, their true genetic COI is often 18% to 25%. This happens because the average mean kinship of the broader golden retriever population is around 4.5% (ranging up to 11.3%). Because almost all living goldens share a massive web of historical ancestors, true genetic distance is incredibly difficult to find.

If your goal is to breed a litter with the lowest possible genetic COI, you cannot just look at the two parents' individual data. You must find a stud and a dam that both have a Mean Kinship score well below the breed average of 4.5%. When you pair two low-mK dogs, you aren't just diluting immediate inbreeding; you are marrying two entirely separate branches of the breed's historical family tree, successfully driving the litter's COI down toward that single-digit baseline.

In preservation breeding for golden retrievers, a realistic, highly progressive goal for genetic COI is between 10% and 15%. While population geneticists generally recommend keeping a dog's COI under 5% to avoid inbreeding depression, the baseline reality of the modern, closed golden retriever studbook makes that nearly impossible for a standard purebred litter. Aiming for single digits right away is usually structurally impossible unless you are doing a rare, radical outcross.

Why more than COI?

A breeder can pair two golden getrievers and successfully achieve a low individual genetic COI (such as 8%). However, if both parents happen to carry the exact same common immune system genes, the puppies will be homozygous in their Dog Leukocyte Antigen (DLA) region.This means that while the dog's overall genome looks diverse on paper, its immune system is highly in**ed and compromised. COI is a genome-wide average; it does not guarantee diversity in the tiny, specialized section of DNA that fights disease.

It is absolutely vital not to focus solely on genetic COI, precisely because golden retrievers are facing severe breed-wide immune system vulnerability. Hyper-focusing on COI alone can create a dangerous genetic illusion. Understanding why DLA Haplotype Heterozygosity and Rare Haplotypes are just as critical reveals how they protect the breed.

The DLA region functions as the body's security system, telling the immune system what belongs in the body and what is a foreign invader (self vs. non-self recognition).

By selecting parents with completely different DLA blocks, the puppies inherit two distinct blueprints. This creates a significantly more robust, adaptable immune response that is statistically better at preventing immune-mediated diseases.

As noted by data from the UC Davis Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, over 50% of American golden retrievers share the exact same two Class I and Class II DLA haplotypes. The remaining haplotypes exist in less than 1% of the population. If preservation breeders only focus on bringing down COI numbers, these rare immune blocks will be permanently lost to genetic drift. Once a rare DLA haplotype is entirely bred out of a closed gene pool, it can never be recovered without outcrossing to a different breed.

1. Internal Relatedness (IR): The Ultimate Litmus Test for Mating Vigor

While COI tells you what should happen based on paper calculations or general genome averages, IR measures the actual genetic tension within that individual dog.

IR weights uncommon alleles over common ones. It evaluates how in**ed a dog is relative to the rest of the breed.

The Thresholds:
Positive IR (e.g., +0.15 to +0.30): The dog is highly in**ed and holds the most common, saturated alleles in the breed.

Zero IR (0.00): The dog's parents were completely average relatives within the breed.

Negative IR (e.g., -0.10 to -0.25): The dog is highly outbred. Its parents brought together highly unusual, contrasting genetics.

How to use IR in your pairing:
When you run a Test Mating on VGL look at the predicted IR curve for the upcoming litter.

The Goal: Always aim for the litter's average predicted IR to be 0.00 or lower (into the negative numbers).

The Exception: If you have an exceptional female with a high IR (+0.15), you must find a stud that drops her puppies' predicted IR back to 0.00.

Do not stack high-IR dogs together, or you risk extreme inbreeding depression and physical/immunological fragility.

2. Genetic Relatedness (GR) & Genetic Distance (GD):
Choosing the Right Outcross

When you cross-reference two dogs you will see a GR (Genetic Relatedness) or GD (Genetic Distance) value. This is the molecular equivalent of assessing structural compatibility.

Under 0.00 (Negative GD/GR):
The two dogs are completely genetically unrelated within the breed.

Above 0.00 (Positive GD/GR): They share highly typical, tightly clustered genetics.

How to use GD/GR in your pairing:
If you want a clean outcross to drive down the litter's COI and maximize health, look for a mate with a negative GD/GR value relative to your dog.

The Balancing Act:
Do not just look for the furthest possible distance. If a dog has a massive negative GD because it comes from an entirely different line (e.g., a pure UK working field line crossed to a heavily styled US conformation line), the genetic distance is excellent, but ensure the physical structure and temperament still align with your goals.

3. Outlier Index (OI): Protecting Rare Pieces of the Puzzle

This is the direct partner to the Mean Kinship (mK) values discussed earlier.

High OI: The dog possesses rare alleles that are heavily underrepresented in modern Golden Retrievers.

Low OI: The dog possesses "typical" alleles shared by almost every other Golden in the ring or field.

How to use OI in your pairing:

The Preservation Rule: If your dog has a high OI (meaning it carries rare breed genetics), its puppies are genetically valuable to the breed's survival.

The Match: Pair a high-OI dog with a mate that can keep those rare alleles intact without blowing out the IR. If you have a low-OI dog (very common genetics), intentionally match it with a high-OI dog to pull the next generation away from the mainstream genetic bottleneck.

Preservation breeding requires balancing multiple metrics simultaneously rather than maximizing just one.

WM Farms has two planned litters that reach into two unique subpopulations. I will publish the genetic results when they become available.

I crossed an American Dual Dog Hall of Fame (DDHF) line (which explicitly maintains a blend of breed-standard conformation and athletic capability) that lacks mainstream US field bloodlines with a Scottish working golden retriever. Because these two bloodlines have evolved under completely isolated selective pressures, different breed club standards, and separate regional bottlenecks, I can expect an extraordinary shift in the puppies' metrics:

1. Genetic COI: A Floor Drop

We will likely hit the closest thing possible to the breed's genetic floor. Expecting the puppies' genomic COI to land between 8% to 12% range, a massive decline from the typical 22%+ breed average.

Why it happens: True US field lines share highly specific, tight genetic clusters due to a few popular field trial sires. Because the US DDHF dog avoids those mainstream field lines, and the Scottish working dog introduces an entirely separate UK/FCI gene pool, we are marrying two radically distant branches of the golden retriever tree. This effectively breaks generation-spanning homozygosity loops.

Next:
Crossing a Croatian-born show golden with a US gundog line bred for 40 years provides us an incredibly fascinating genetic profile from the VGL. Even with 40 years of heavy line breeding behind our US gundog, the VGL genetic metrics indicate this cross will yield a highly diverse, immunologically robust litter.

1. The DLA Haplotype Explosion
Both parents are heterozygous at DLA Class I & II, with "rare" haplotypes which is a fantastic starting point.

100% Heterozygous Puppies:
Because the US gundog line has been geographically and functionally isolated from European show lines for four decades, the haplotypes don't overlap. 100% of the puppies in this litter will be heterozygous at both DLA Class I and II.

Immunological Shield:
The puppies will inherit completely different immune "blueprints" from each parent. This significantly decreases the risk of standard breed-related autoimmune issues (allergies, skin disorders, thyroid issues) and gives the offspring a massive defense system for identifying mutating cells.

2. The 15 Unique Alleles Phenomenon
The fact that both parents have 15 unique alleles on their VGL panels is highly remarkable, especially for a US gundog with a 40-year line breeding history. These puppies will break away from the breed's 3.4 effective allele bottleneck. Instead of inheriting the same overrepresented alleles that most modern goldens possess, the puppies will be forced into absolute heterozygosity across multiple markers. Their personal effective allele count will be maximized, pulling them away from the mainstream breed bottleneck and placing them in the highest tier of genetic health available to modern golden retrievers. There is always a nonzero chance of matching recessive deleterious genes, but the risk in this specific pairing is significantly lower than almost any other match in the breed.

Preserved Outliers:
Normally, 40 years of linebreeding strips a line down to just 6 to 9 dominant alleles across the panel, driving the Internal Relatedness (IR) deep into positive territory (+0.15 to +0.30). Having 15 unique alleles means the gundog is a one off, maintaining "type" while amazingly preserving rare, underrepresented genetic diversity.

Litter Internal Relatedness (IR):
When we combine two parents that each hold 15 unique alleles from entirely separate geographical pools (Eastern European show lines vs. US working lines), the predicted litter IR will plunge drastically into the negatives (likely -0.20 to -0.35). This indicates the puppies will have incredible genetic tension and massive hybrid vigor.

3. What to Expect for Genetic COI
Despite the 40-year line breeding on the sire's side, our genetic COI will experience an absolute floor drop. Because the Croatian dog shares zero recent pedigree history with a legacy US gundog line, the cross operates as a complete genetic reset. We can realistically expect the puppies' genomic COI to land in the single digits to low teens (roughly 6% to 12%), which is an extraordinary preservation victory compared to the 22%+ breed average.

09/23/2026

WM Farms Goldens

09/23/2026

Connecting the dots

09/23/2026

Here are some of the main questions I get asked about breed preservation.

1. What are the main health concerns in goldens today?
2. Why doesn't the AKC or GRCA mandate genetic diversity in purebreds?
3. How do I get started breeding for preservation?

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

How do I get "started" breeding for preservation?

Your program will only ever be as good as your personal depth of knowledge and your practical capacity to execute it. Shifting your focus from simple diagnostic clearances to recessive mutation loads and population genetics changes how you view a dog's health. Screening for ICT (Ichthyosis) or PRA (Progressive Retinal Atrophy) is incredibly easy, it is a simple binary test. But it doesn't actually cure anything or save a breed. Clearing a dog of a few known mutations while continuing to linebreed inside a massive popular sire bottleneck does nothing to stop the larger, underlying collapse of the breed's immune system or the fixation of unknown deadly mutations. Preservation breeding is not a casual hobby or a predictable recipe. It is a sophisticated discipline that requires one to operate simultaneously as a historian, understand effective populations, animal husbandry and an educator. The moment you base a breeding program on folk wisdom or what is currently trending on social media, you fall right back into the traps that caused the breed's genetic crisis in the first place.

In its simplest, true breed preservation is retaining every single unique gene we have left while maintaining the iconic traits. Retaining the remaining gene pool while maintaining moderate, balanced traits directly yields better systemic health, vitality, and longevity.

Things a breeder should understand:
1. Alleles and Loci (The Genetic Coordinates) Think of a dog’s DNA as an instruction manual.

2. Homozygosity vs. Heterozygosity This describes how identical or diverse a dog's paired alleles are.

3. Linkage Disequilibrium and ROH (Runs of Homozygosity) Genes that sit right next to each other on a chromosome tend to get inherited together as a giant "chunk." This package deal is called Linkage Disequilibrium.

4. DLA Haplotypes (The Immune System Shield) The Dog Leukocyte Antigen (DLA) is a cluster of genes that trains the canine immune system to recognize foreign invaders, viruses, and mutated cancer cells.

5. Genomic Metrics: COI vs. IR vs. OI When you open a genomic platform you will see three critical metrics that supersede traditional pedigree calculations.

In population genomics and advanced genetic platforms GD (Genetic Distance) and mK (Mean Kinship) are the two absolute holy grail metrics. While Internal Relatedness (IR) tells you how in**ed an individual dog is, GD and mK shift the camera lens out to look at the entire global breed population. They tell you how a dog fits into the global puzzle piece of golden retrievers.

The Problem
The most frustrating, real-world roadblock facing preservationist breeders today is that the canine genetics industry is highly fractured into competing commercial companies. If a brilliant, low-mK (Mean Kinship) stud dog is tested on one platform, but your dam is registered on another, the software cannot "see" across the fence to calculate your Genetic Distance (GD) etc. Each database is a walled garden, the calculations and outcomes are only as good as the dogs currently inside that specific system.

For me, the UC Davis Veterinary Genetics Laboratory (VGL) is considered the best choice for breed preservation because it was designed from the ground up as an academic population management tool, whereas commercial competitors were built as consumer health-diagnostic tools.

The VGL publishes its breed data. "Breed Summary Reports." Because the VGL operates as an academic research institution rather than a private corporation, transparency is a core part of its mission. For all practical and actionable breeding purposes, the VGL is the only place to get standardized DLA Class I and Class II haplotype reports. While other major DNA companies acknowledge the importance of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC/DLA) region, they do not provide the explicit, standardized nomenclature (the specific 4-digit code names like Class I 1065 or Class II 2046) required to map a population.

Because just two dominant DLA haplotypes make up roughly half the American golden retriever population, the breed effectively has only two types of "gloves" available to hold up targets to the immune system. If your goal is true breed preservation knowing their DLA haplotypes is non-negotiable. You cannot breed a healthy dog if you accidentally duplicate the same compromised immune profile over and over again. Continuing to breed blindly will keep fixing those same immune gaps across the entire population.

Traditional breeding systems spend millions of dollars chasing downstream symptoms, treating allergies, performing cancer surgeries, and managing joint disease. All while continuing to breed the exact same tight, bottlenecked popular lines that heavy inbreeding causes. By including the retention of ancestral genes and maintaining moderate, foundational traits, you heal the root cause of the breed's genetic decline. You aren't just breeding a dog that looks like a true golden retriever; you are breeding an animal that possesses the rugged, long-lived biological engine the founders originally intended.

The original geneticly structured and phenotypical purpose of the golden retriever was to serve as a highly specialized, dual-terrain, land and water "retrieving machine" engineered to solve a specific space as the consummate hunter. When a registry system awards and splits a balanced, dual-purpose hunting dog into two extremes, fragmented caricatures, 'proving' a dog is decided by what standard? That is the core of the problem. What it means to "prove" a golden retriever today is completely untethered from the breed's foundational purpose. The original translation has been changed to fit the modern, perhaps somewhat artificial demands of two completely separate competitive industries.

My breed preservation goal isn't to chase a highly manufactured, modern look or an extreme competitive drive. True preservation means using genomic population management to strip away these artificial selection bottlenecks, reclaim our lost ancestral diversity, and breed back toward the healthy, balanced, functional original identity of the golden retriever.

The definitive blueprint for the future of responsible dog breeding should include and enforce genotype and phenotype standards. If national breed clubs and registries updated their official standards to require both a Phenotype Standard (outward structure, temperament, and type) and a Genotype Standard (molecular diversity, internal relatedness, and immune health), it would completely revolutionize canine preservation. Are those venues the ultimate protectors of the breed? The truth we rarely admit is that the mainstream dog world has already radically deviated from the origins of the breed to manufacture specific, exaggerated phenotypes.

If we are waiting for mainstream kennel clubs to mandate a dual genotype/phenotype standard, it is highly unlikely to happen anytime soon. The political, cultural, and financial inertia of the traditional dog world makes top-down reform incredibly slow. However, waiting for the system to change is a mistake, because the real shift is already happening from the bottom up.

The AKC is a Business Registry, Not a Wildlife Sanctuary. The AKC functions primarily as a registry of lineage and a sporting organization, not an agency for species conservation. The AKC's primary revenue comes from litter and individual dog registrations, alongside corporate sponsorships. If the AKC were to calculate mK and advise against breeding high-mK dogs, it would effectively be telling its most active, high-volume customers (the top phenotype breeders) to stop producing. Parent clubs like the GRCA operate through recommendations rather than mandates. The GRCA Code of Ethics prioritizes screening for individual traits (such as clearance certificates for hips, elbows, eyes, and heart via the OFA).

It is highly likely that governments will eventually step into the AKC/GRCA domain, and we are already watching the global blueprint for exactly how this happens. While American breeders often feel insulated by the massive lobbying power of the American Kennel Club (AKC), the legal and political tides regarding canine welfare have shifted dramatically. Governments are no longer treating dog breeding as a private hobby governed by corporate clubs; they are increasingly viewing closed studbooks as a consumer protection and animal welfare crisis.

If you love the golden retriever and want to ensure that future generations can actually enjoy their incredible companionship, without the devastating heartbreak of early cancer and chronic immune failure, the path forward must actively include desired usage while saving the remaining 46% of their genetics.

Windmill Farms Golden Retrievers

09/28/2026

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