04/17/2026
This is what I got from AI when I typed in Microvascular Dysplasia in Maltese:
Microvascular dysplasia (MVD) in Maltese is a common congenital, often asymptomatic, liver condition where microscopic blood vessels fail to develop properly, limiting blood flow to the liver. While it causes elevated bile acids, most Maltese with MVD live normal, full lives without treatment. It is managed, if necessary, via low-protein diets.
American College of Veterinary Surgeons
Key Facts on MVD in Maltese
Prevalence: MVD is highly prevalent in the breed, with a large majority of the Maltese population potentially affected.
Symptoms: Most affected Maltese are completely asymptomatic. When symptoms do occur (rarely), they may include vomiting, diarrhea, lack of appetite, or lethargy.
Diagnosis: MVD is often suspected based on elevated bile acid tests (high-protein meal test). It cannot be seen on ultrasound, so a liver biopsy is required for definitive diagnosis.
MVD vs. Shunts: Unlike a portosystemic shunt (large vessel bypass), MVD occurs at a microscopic level. It is often referred to as portal vein hypoplasia or hepatic portal venous hypoperfusion.
Management: No surgical treatment exists for MVD. Symptomatic cases are managed with a low-protein diet to reduce the burden on the liver.
Prognosis: The prognosis for MVD is excellent, and it does not typically shorten the lifespan of the dog.
When to See a Veterinarian
While many cases require no intervention, you should consult a veterinarian if your dog exhibits signs of liver dysfunction, such as neurological issues (confusion, seizures) or severe, persistent gastrointestinal issues. For further information, the American College of Veterinary Surgeons offers a detailed overview of the condition.
American Kennel Club
American College of Veterinary Surgeons
Hepatic Portal Venous Hypoperfusion in Small Animals
A normal lifespan should be expected in dogs with MVD. This diagnosis does not warrant feeding a special diet or liver-specific me...
Merck Veterinary Manual
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