24/07/2026
I Treated 120 Dogs Over the Past Year. These Are the 5 Most Common Diseases I Encountered in Uganda.
As a veterinarian practicing in Uganda, I've treated around 120 dogs over the past year. While every patient is different, a few diseases keep showing up again and again.
I thought I'd share what I've seen firsthand. If you're a dog owner, hopefully this helps you recognize problems early and, even better, prevent them.
1. Parvovirus (Parvo)
This is by far one of the deadliest diseases I see, especially in puppies that haven't completed their vaccinations.
Cause: A highly contagious virus spread through infected dog f***s and contaminated environments.
Signs: Severe vomiting, bloody diarrhea, weakness, dehydration, and loss of appetite.
Prevention: Complete your puppy's vaccination schedule, avoid taking unvaccinated puppies to public places, and disinfect areas where infected dogs have been.
2. Tick Fever
Tick-borne diseases are common here because many dogs are exposed to ticks year-round.
Cause: Parasites transmitted by infected ticks (such as Babesia and Ehrlichia).
Signs: Fever, pale gums, weakness, loss of appetite, dark urine, weight loss, and anemia.
Prevention: Use reliable tick prevetion tablets ie Simparica and Bravecto
3. Helminthiasis (Worm Infestation)
Many dogs, particularly puppies, come in with heavy worm burdens that affect their growth and overall health.
Cause: Intestinal worms such as roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, and tapeworms.
Signs: Pot-bellied appearance, diarrhea, poor growth, weight loss, vomiting, dull coat, and sometimes worms visible in the stool.
Prevention: For puppies below 3 months deworm every two weeks, 3-6 months deworm monthly, above 6 months deworm every 3 months.
4. Aflatoxicosis
This is something many people don't expect, but I've seen several serious cases linked to contaminated dog food.
Cause: Toxins (aflatoxins) produced by molds that grow on poorly stored grains and ingredients used in pet food.
Signs: Loss of appetite, vomiting, jaundice, bleeding disorders, weakness, and liver damage.
Prevention: Buy quality dog food, store it in a cool, dry place, avoid feeding moldy food, and discard food that smells unusual or shows signs of moisture or fungal growth.
5. Mange
Mange is one of the most common skin conditions I encounter, and many cases are brought in after weeks or months of itching.
Cause: Microscopic mites that live in or on the skin.
Signs: Intense itching, hair loss, scabs, thickened skin, redness, and secondary skin infections.
Prevention: Avoid contact with infected animals, and complete the full treatment prescribed by your veterinarian.
These are simply my observations from treating dogs over the past year, and disease patterns can vary depending on location, season, and the dogs being seen. One thing that stands out is that most of these illnesses are largely preventable with vaccination, parasite control, proper nutrition, quality food, and regular veterinary check-ups.