19/10/2025
Hereβs a clear and concise summary of important notes about rabies, including its transmission, incubation period, and clinical signs π
π¦ Rabies β Key Facts
1. Cause
β’ Rabies is caused by the rabies virus, a Lyssavirus in the Rhabdoviridae family.
β’ It affects the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals, including humans.
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𧬠2. Transmission
β’ Transmitted primarily through the bite or scratch of an infected animal, since the virus is present in saliva.
β’ Common sources: dogs (most common worldwide), bats, raccoons, foxes, skunks, and cats.
β’ It can also spread when infected saliva comes in contact with open wounds, mucous membranes, or the eyes.
β’ Not transmitted through intact skin, blood contact, or casual contact.
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β³ 3. Incubation Period (Before Symptoms Appear)
β’ Usually 1 to 3 months, but can range from a few days to several years.
β’ The length depends on:
β’ Location of the bite (closer to the head/brain = shorter incubation)
β’ Amount of virus introduced
β’ Hostβs immune response
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β οΈ 4. Early (Prodromal) Signs
β’ Fever, headache, malaise, loss of appetite
β’ Pain, itching, or tingling at the bite site (important early clue!)
β’ Anxiety or irritability
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π¨ 5. Later (Neurological) Signs
β’ Two main forms:
β’ Furious (encephalitic) rabies: agitation, confusion, hydrophobia (fear of water), hypersalivation, aggression, seizures.
β’ Paralytic (dumb) rabies: gradual paralysis, coma, and death.
β’ Once symptoms appear, rabies is almost always fatal.
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π 6. Prevention
β’ Immediate wound cleaning with soap and water after any bite.
β’ Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP): series of rabies vaccines (and rabies immunoglobulin if needed).
β’ Pre-exposure vaccination for high-risk individuals (veterinarians, travelers, lab workers).
β’ Control in animals: vaccinate pets and stray animal management.
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β°οΈ 7. Prognosis
β’ After symptom onset β nearly 100% fatal.
β’ Prevention and immediate treatment after exposure are crucial.