19/05/2021
Aminoglycoside .. Streptomycin
spectrum Aminoglycoside... Tobramycin, Amikacin, Gentamicin (TAG)
- Anaerobic bacteria - Resistant
and Sulfa - inactive in pus
, Fluoroquinolones and Tetracyclines -Interaction with divalent cations
synergism with Beta lactams
- 30s ribosome - faulty protein synthesis - Bactericidal
inactivating enzyme is Acetyltransferases
mode of resistance in Aminoglycoside is inactivating enzymes
- Resistant to Transferases
side effects of Aminoglycoside is Ototoxicity and Nephrotoxicity
- most nephrotoxic and Ototoxic
- Least nephrotoxic and Vestibulotoxic
for Tuberculosis
Domagk (Prontonsil) ---> Sulfanilamide
for UTI is Sulfisoxazole and Sulfadoxine
for burn wound - Silver Sulfadiazine
acting Sulfa - Sulfasalazine and Sulfaguanidine
long acting Sulfa - Sulfadoxine
- inhibitor of Folic acid synthesis (Dihydrofolate synthase)
mode of resistance in Sulfa is Alternate metabolic pathway
of Sulfa by Acetylation
... Major side effects CRYSTALLURIA in Ruminants
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs
Kern Icterus in newborn
Sulfa (Sulfadiazine + Sulfamerazine + Sulfapyrazine)
inhibits Vit K epoxide reductase
- Johnson Syndrome - Sulfa and macrolides
synergism with Trimethoprim and Pyrimethamine (blocks Dihydrofolate reductase) --- SEQUENTIAL BLOCKADE
(static) + Trim(static) --->>ST (Bactericidal)
for Coccidiosis
colitis in dogs...Sulfasalazine
..Sulfa + Pyrimethamine
Tetracycline ... Chlortetracycline (Aureomycin)
- 30s ribosome - Inhibits protein synthesis --Bacteriostatic
- Extrarenal Excretion (Biliary)
for renal compromised animals is Doxycycline
mode of resistance is Tetracycline efflux
acting tetracycline is Doxycycline and Minocycline
poor oral Absorption , Except Doxycycline and Minocycline
deposited in bones and teeth ( Minocycline in fat)
side effects of tetracycline is Discolouration of teeth and Phototoxicity ( Doxycycline)
with Anti-anabolic
Effects is Tetracycline
antagonise ADH ... Diabetes Insipidus
tetracycline....Fanconi like syndrome
acid - Urinary antiseptic...
atom position - Fluoroquinolones (increases antibacterial spectrum)
and Aminoglycoside ... Concentration dependent and Post Antibiotic effect
#, Fluoroquinolones...for intracellular bacteria
...deep tissue pe*******on (Piperazine ring)
...inhibits DNA gyrase A... inhibitor of DNA synthesis... Bactericidal
mode of resistance is Target alteration
concentrated in lungs and bile
in urine (Moxifloxacin in bile )
side effects of fluoroquinolones is Arthropathy
and Tendinitis
prolongs QT interval (Fluoroquinolones and Macrolides.. Erythromycin)
...CNS stimualtion
Pseudomonas and Travellers diarrhoea (Ciprofloxacin)
term use of Enrofloxacin in cats.... Blindness
macrolide used clinically is Erythromycin
Antibiotic is Erythromycin
used for Toxoplasmosis is Clarithromycin
with long duration of action is Azithromycin
used for avian mycoplasmosis is Tylosin
... Spiramycin and Tylosin
... Clarithromycin for G +ve and Azithromycin for G-ve
..binds 50s ribosomes ...inhibits Translocation ...Bacteriostatic
high conc... Bactericidal
and Penicillin...Time dependant antimicrobial activity
resistance Between... macrolides, Lincosamides and Streotogramins
labile macrolide is Erythromycin
stable macrolides... Clarithromycin and Azithromycin
