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Dogtor Bob Small animal and exotic veterinarian sharing snapshots of my days working with animals!

What an incredible week in Vienna, Austria ๐Ÿ‡ฆ๐Ÿ‡น Iโ€™ve just finished 5 incredible days in Vienna at the ESAVS Small Mammal D...
26/06/2026

What an incredible week in Vienna, Austria ๐Ÿ‡ฆ๐Ÿ‡น

Iโ€™ve just finished 5 incredible days in Vienna at the ESAVS Small Mammal Diagnostic Imaging course, and my brain is absolutely full.

From ultrasound and CT to MRI and endoscopy, we spent the week diving deep into every aspect of small mammal imaging through lectures, discussions, and hands-on practical sessions. Itโ€™s hard to beat spending days surrounded by people who are just as passionate about learning and improving as you are.

A huge thank you to the amazing instructors, Vladimir Jekl and Charly Pignon, for sharing not only their knowledge and experience, but also their enthusiasm for the field.

One of my favourite parts of attending courses like this is the people. I was lucky enough to catch up with old friends, make many new ones, and connect with colleagues from all over the world. Itโ€™s a reminder that while veterinary medicine can sometimes feel like a small niche, itโ€™s also an incredibly supportive and passionate community.

Iโ€™m heading home inspired, motivated, and with plenty of new ideas to bring back to my patients and colleagues.

Now for the challenge of turning five days of notes into something my sleep-deprived brain can actually rememberโ€ฆ

๐™๐™ฌ๐™ค ๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™ฎ ๐™ฅ๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™š๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™จ. ๐™๐™ฌ๐™ค ๐™จ๐™š๐™ง๐™ž๐™ค๐™ช๐™จ ๐™ง๐™š๐™ฅ๐™ง๐™ค๐™™๐™ช๐™˜๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ซ๐™š ๐™š๐™ข๐™š๐™ง๐™œ๐™š๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™ž๐™š๐™จ. ๐™๐™ฌ๐™ค ๐™จ๐™ช๐™˜๐™˜๐™š๐™จ๐™จ๐™›๐™ช๐™ก ๐™จ๐™ช๐™ง๐™œ๐™š๐™ง๐™ž๐™š๐™จ. ๐Ÿฆœ๐ŸฉบThese two small conures (60-70g) pr...
17/04/2026

๐™๐™ฌ๐™ค ๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™ฎ ๐™ฅ๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™š๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™จ. ๐™๐™ฌ๐™ค ๐™จ๐™š๐™ง๐™ž๐™ค๐™ช๐™จ ๐™ง๐™š๐™ฅ๐™ง๐™ค๐™™๐™ช๐™˜๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ซ๐™š ๐™š๐™ข๐™š๐™ง๐™œ๐™š๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™ž๐™š๐™จ. ๐™๐™ฌ๐™ค ๐™จ๐™ช๐™˜๐™˜๐™š๐™จ๐™จ๐™›๐™ช๐™ก ๐™จ๐™ช๐™ง๐™œ๐™š๐™ง๐™ž๐™š๐™จ. ๐Ÿฆœ๐Ÿฉบ

These two small conures (60-70g) presented for dystocia/retained egg complications, but each had already undergone attempted medical or minimally invasive management elsewhere. Unfortunately for these parrots their eggs collapsed. Once an egg collapses, it often becomes significantly more difficult to remove safely, and surgery usually becomes the best option.

Both birds underwent stabilisation first, including repeated radiographs, vascular access (IV or IO catheter placement), IV fluids, analgesia, and butorphanol CRIs.

For anaesthesia, both patients were intubated, ventilated, and fully monitored using capnography, ECG, and Doppler cardiovascular monitoring.

๐’๐ฎ๐ซ๐ ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐€๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐š๐œ๐ก
A ๐™ซ๐™š๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™ง๐™–๐™ก ๐™ข๐™ž๐™™๐™ก๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™š ๐™˜๐™ค๐™š๐™ก๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฉ๐™ค๐™ข๐™ฎ was performed in both birds. This approach offers excellent exposure of the gastrointestinal and reproductive tract while helping avoid unnecessary entry into the caudal abdominal air sacs. Fortunately, neither bird had salpinx perforation or egg yolk coelomitis.

That meant a ๐™จ๐™–๐™ก๐™ฅ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ๐™ค๐™ฉ๐™ค๐™ข๐™ฎ could be performed! Opening the oviduct, removing the retained egg material, and preserving the reproductive tract. If the salpinx is ruptured or severely damaged, resection may be required. However, complete ovariectomy in birds is considered highly advanced (โ€œheroicโ€) surgery due to the substantial risk of catastrophic haemorrhage.

๐‚๐ฅ๐จ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ž & ๐๐ซ๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง
Following removal, the coelom was lavaged and suctioned, routine closure performed, and a ๐™Ž๐™ช๐™ฅ๐™ง๐™š๐™ก๐™ค๐™ง๐™ž๐™ฃ ๐™ž๐™ข๐™ฅ๐™ก๐™–๐™ฃ๐™ฉ placed in each bird. This helps suppress reproductive drive and reduce further egg-laying behaviour while allowing the tract time to heal.

๐Š๐ž๐ฒ ๐“๐š๐ค๐ž๐š๐ฐ๐š๐ฒ
Egg binding is not always โ€œsimple.โ€ In small parrots, retained or collapsed eggs can rapidly become life-threatening and require advanced imaging, anaesthesia, surgery, and intensive aftercare.

Both of these tiny patients recovered beautifully. ๐Ÿ’š

12/02/2026

๐…๐ž๐›๐ซ๐ฎ๐š๐ซ๐ฒ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐๐ž๐ญ ๐ƒ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐š๐ฅ ๐‡๐ž๐š๐ฅ๐ญ๐ก ๐Œ๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐ก๐Ÿฆท
โ€ฆ. but in exotic pets, dental health looks very different.

๐Ÿฐ ๐‘๐š๐›๐›๐ข๐ญ๐ฌ, ๐†๐ฎ๐ข๐ง๐ž๐š ๐๐ข๐ ๐ฌ, ๐‚๐ก๐ข๐ง๐œ๐ก๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ๐š๐ฌ & ๐‘๐จ๐๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ (Elodont teeth)
Their teeth grow continuously throughout life. If diet, skull shape, or tooth alignment isnโ€™t ideal, the teeth donโ€™t wear properly. This can lead to sharp enamel spurs, painful tongue in cheek ulceration, root elongation, abscesses, and even eye or jaw problems. Subtle signs like smaller droppings, slower eating, or selective feeding can be early warnings.

๐Ÿฆฆ ๐…๐ž๐ซ๐ซ๐ž๐ญ๐ฌ (Anelodont teeth)
Unlike small herbivores, ferret teeth do not continuously grow. They are more similar to dogs and cats, meaning they can develop tartar buildup, gingivitis, periodontal disease, and fractured canines. Dental pain in ferrets is often under-recognised because they hide discomfort very well.

๐ŸฆŽ ๐‹๐ข๐ณ๐š๐ซ๐๐ฌ
Many lizard species have teeth and can develop periodontal infections, abscesses, and jaw disease. Insectivorous and omnivorous species may develop plaque and calculus, while trauma or nutritional imbalances can contribute to oral pathology.

๐Ÿข ๐“๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐จ๐ข๐ฌ๐ž๐ฌ
Tortoises donโ€™t have teeth, they have a keratinised beak (rhamphotheca). Overgrowth is usually secondary to diet, inappropriate substrate, or lack of natural wear. Beak trims should never be cosmetic; the underlying husbandry or medical cause must always be addressed.

๐Ÿฆœ ๐๐ข๐ซ๐๐ฌ
Healthy birds should not routinely need beak trims. Overgrowth often signals liver disease, nutritional imbalance, trauma, or chronic illness. If trimming is required, it should be done carefully and under veterinary guidance after appropriate diagnostics.

Dental disease in exotic pets is often subtle, progressive, and painful. Early veterinary exams, correct nutrition, and appropriate husbandry make a profound difference in long-term welfare.

๐‘ซ๐’†๐’๐’•๐’‚๐’ ๐’‰๐’†๐’‚๐’๐’•๐’‰ ๐’Š๐’”๐’โ€™๐’• ๐’‹๐’–๐’”๐’• ๐’‚๐’ƒ๐’๐’–๐’• ๐’•๐’†๐’†๐’•๐’‰, ๐’Š๐’•โ€™๐’” ๐’‚๐’ƒ๐’๐’–๐’• ๐’’๐’–๐’‚๐’๐’Š๐’•๐’š ๐’๐’‡ ๐’๐’Š๐’‡๐’†.

Santa Paws has definitely entered the chat ๐ŸŽ…๐ŸพThis is Muffin, who took the festive chaos a bit too seriously and fracture...
24/12/2025

Santa Paws has definitely entered the chat ๐ŸŽ…๐Ÿพ
This is Muffin, who took the festive chaos a bit too seriously and fractured multiple toesโ€ฆ because rabbits have absolutely no respect for Christmas!!

After surgery (including placing three tiny intramedullary dowel pins ๐Ÿฆด), sheโ€™s now on the mend and proudly rocking a splint thatโ€™s been upgraded with essential Christmas decorations.

Sheโ€™s feeling good, healing well, and reminding us all that if youโ€™re going to need orthopaedic surgery, you may as well do it in style.

Wishing everyone a Christmas with fewer fractures, more hay, and patients who donโ€™t try to redecorate themselves ๐ŸŽ„๐Ÿฐ๐Ÿพ

06/12/2025

It might look unusual, but in Chelonians (turtles, tortoises, and terrapins), feeding tubes can actually be life-saving! They allow us to provide vital nutrition and medications when these patients are too weak, anorexic, or recovering from illness or surgery.

Iโ€™ve been a proud member of VETAHEAD for years and was recently access to the new subscription along with the opportunity to share my experience and how itโ€™s directly impacted the way I practice zoological companion medicine. The updated courses, medication calculators, and step-by-step guides from Dr. Laila Proenรงa, DACZM, have genuinely refined my approach to reptile and amphibian medicine and improved the quality of care I can offer every day.
VETAHEAD is a one-stop platform for everything you need to treat ZooMed (exotic) pets, for veterinary professionals (vets, techs, nurses, students).

Thereโ€™s always something new to learn and VETAHEAD continues to be one of my favourite tools for staying at the cutting edge of exotic animal care. ๐Ÿ’š

Check the link in my bio to learn how to sign up for VetAHead or comment ZooMed below ๐Ÿ‘‡

๐Ÿ’š This tortoise lost a legโ€ฆ but gained some serious wheels! ๐Ÿขโœจ Wait till you see how he moves nowโ€ฆ๐Ÿขโš™๏ธ Borris the Bionic ...
06/11/2025

๐Ÿ’š This tortoise lost a legโ€ฆ but gained some serious wheels! ๐Ÿขโœจ Wait till you see how he moves nowโ€ฆ

๐Ÿขโš™๏ธ Borris the Bionic Tortoise!
Meet Borris one of the toughest little tortoise youโ€™ll ever see. ๐Ÿ’ช He came to us after a fox attack left him missing the part his right front limb. After a few days of TLC and stabilisation with emERge service , it was time for surgery.

For his anaesthetic, we placed a jugular catheter and used a propofol CRI instead of gas anaesthetics which can drop blood pressure and make recovery very slow (he was still intubated but only to provide positive pressure ventilation with oxygen). After a quick amputation and within minutes of stopping the infusion, Borris was wide awake and ready for snacks! ๐Ÿข๐Ÿƒ

While he recovered, we started brainstorming how to get him moving again. Borris lives outdoors with seven other rescued tortoises, so whatever we built had to handle grass, soil, stones, and everything in between. After a deep dive into 3D designs (and a lot of coffee โ˜•), we found a massage roller design that could be customised and printed to the perfect height for him. A bit of epoxy later, and voilร  โ€” Borris had his brand-new wheel! ๐Ÿ›ž

And the best part? Immediately after fitting it, he was cruising around like he owned the place. And because we like to make sure our patients are truly ready for action, we put Borris on our gait analysis pressure mat to see how he was moving before dischargeโ€ฆ
Letโ€™s just say, he passed with flying colours. โœ…๐Ÿ˜‚

Oh, and keep watching till the end youโ€™ll see Borrisโ€™s hospital roommate, a very speedy rabbit ๐Ÿ’š๐Ÿ‡, making a quick exit while Borrisโ€ฆ takes a slightly more tortoise-paced approach to life. ๐Ÿ˜‚

โœจ๐ŸฆŽ Follicular Stasis in a Veiled Chameleon ๐ŸฆŽโœจThis lovely 2-year-old female veiled chameleon came in with follicular stas...
18/09/2025

โœจ๐ŸฆŽ Follicular Stasis in a Veiled Chameleon ๐ŸฆŽโœจ

This lovely 2-year-old female veiled chameleon came in with follicular stasis, acommon but serious condition in reptiles where ovarian follicles develop but fail to ovulate or regress. Instead, they just keep building upโ€ฆ and upโ€ฆ and up!

๐Ÿ”ฌ Whatโ€™s happening inside?
โ€ข In reptiles, follicles form on the ovaries. Normally, they either ovulate into the oviduct or regress if conditions arenโ€™t right for breeding.
โ€ข With follicular stasis, they get โ€œstuckโ€ โ€“ the follicles donโ€™t progress and can cause huge health problems.
โ€ข These follicles continue to secrete hormones, leading to lethargy, anorexia, swelling, and eventually life-threatening complications like yolk coelomitis if they rupture.

๐Ÿ“ธ Diagnostics
โ€ข X-rays showed enlarged soft tissue densities in the coelom.
โ€ข Ultrasound confirmed the presence of numerous ovarian follicles โ€“ nearly 100 in total!

๐Ÿ”ช Treatment & Anaesthesia
She was given intramuscular sedation and pain relief, then an intraosseous catheter was placed to allow fluids and medications, and she was intubated to provide a secure airway and complete anaesthetic monitoring throughout the procedure.
We then performed a surgical ovariectomy using haemoclips and electrocautery, safely removing the ovaries and all those follicles, preventing recurrence and giving her a fresh start.

โœ… Outcome
She recovered brilliantly from surgery and is already back to climbing, hunting, and showing off her colors.

๐Ÿ’กFollicular stasis is common in female reptiles, especially chameleons and bearded dragons. Husbandry, nutrition, environment, and breeding status all play a role. Early recognition, imaging, and surgical management can be lifesaving.

โธป

๐ŸฆŽ๐Ÿ’š Have you ever seen just how many follicles a chameleon can produce at once? Scroll through the images to see the X-rays, ultrasound, and the surgical steps!

Welcome to the world, Saoirse. Emma, you are incredible. Your strength, grace, and love has brought another healthy baby...
12/08/2025

Welcome to the world, Saoirse.

Emma, you are incredible. Your strength, grace, and love has brought another healthy baby into our family, and I couldnโ€™t be more grateful.

Her name, Saoirse (Seer-sha), means โ€˜freedomโ€™ in Irish. We chose it because we dream of a world where all children grow up free to live, to learn, to play without fear. We celebrate her arrival and hold in our hearts the hope for freedom for all Palestinian children.

May you grow in a world that is gentler, kinder, and truly free.

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