31/07/2026
Have you come across the Five Domains Model for Equine Welfare ?
It is a framework for assessing equine welfare which has evolved over a number of years. It was updated in 2023 and is endorsed by World Horse Welfare. It focuses on both physical needs and mental well-being. It evaluates four functional domains—Nutrition, Environment, Health, and Behavioral Interactions—to understand their cumulative impact on the fifth domain: the horse's overall Mental State.
1. Nutrition
* What it means: Access to sufficient, high-quality, and balanced food and water tailored to the horse's workload, age, and health.
* Key focus: Preventing prolonged thirst, hunger, or nutrient deficiencies, while promoting the pleasure of eating and foraging.
2. Physical Environment
* What it means: The horse's physical surroundings, including pasture quality and design, shelter, weather protection and where appropriate stable design.
* Key focus: providing adequate space for movement and rest, safe footing and protection from extreme weather
3. Health
* What it means: The physical well-being of the horse, assessed through clinical signs, absence of disease, injury management, and functional soundness.
* Key focus: Preventing and treating injuries, pain, and disease through proactive care, proper dental/hoof maintenance, and parasite management.
4. Behavioral Interactions
* What it means: The horse's ability to engage with their environment, including interactions with other horses and handlers, as well as opportunities for exploration and play.
* Key focus: Promoting natural equine behaviors, social contact (the "Friends, Forage, and Freedom" principle), and providing agency so the horse has choices and control within their environment.
5. Mental State
* What it means: The subjective emotional and affective experience of the horse resulting from the other four domains.
* Key focus: Minimizing negative mental states like fear, anxiety, distress, and pain while actively promoting positive states such as comfort, security, curiosity, and contentment.
I have included a couple of useful links in the comments below. I’m not sure why this information is not being shared more widely.