19/10/2026
Heelwork vs Loose Lead Walking. Have We Lost Something Along the Way?
Over the years, the language we use in dog training has changed. One example is the move away from talking about heelwork towards loose lead walking.
It's an understandable change. For many people, heelwork conjures up images of competition obedience, dogs glued to their owner's leg, eyes fixed upwards, or perhaps some of the more corrective training methods traditionally associated with teaching it.
Loose lead walking sounds altogether more relaxed, more achievable and probably more appealing to you, the average pet dog owner.
But we do wonder whether, in changing the language, we've inadvertently changed what we're trying to teach.
If you think about it (and remember any high school geometry), a dog on a two-metre lead has around 12 square metres of space to explore without ever putting tension on that lead. That's quite a large area in which to make decisions about where to walk.
And if the dog can be two metres away from us, what's another 10, 20 or 30 centimetres? From the dog's perspective, there's very little difference between being just inside the limit and just beyond it. Yet suddenly the lead goes tight, and we're asking them to do something differently.
We've made the tension in the lead the measure of success, rather than teaching the dog where we'd actually like them to be.
At Dereham Dog Academy, our early loose lead walking exercises can look remarkably like loose lead standing.
That's because, before we ask a dog to walk nicely beside us, we want them to understand where that position is.
We reward them for choosing to come into that position, for engaging with us and for paying attention. We want them to discover that being alongside their owner is a worthwhile place to be, without having to be physically guided there or constantly reminded.
Only once they're beginning to understand that position do we start introducing movement. Initially, that might be just a step or two before we stop and allow the dog to find their position again.
As their understanding develops, we can gradually increase the distance, introduce changes of direction and begin working around distractions.
Importantly, we're not looking for the precision of competitive heelwork. We don't need a dog staring at us throughout the walk or maintaining perfect shoulder alignment with our leg.
We simply want them to understand where we'd like them to walk and to take some responsibility for staying there.
And none of this means that dogs shouldn't be allowed to explore. Sniffing, investigating and enjoying their environment are important parts of a walk. We can absolutely give them the freedom to move away and do those things.
But there's a difference between giving a dog permission to explore and having a dog who has never really understood where we'd like them to be in the first place.
Those who follow the Academy will know that we're big believers in teaching dogs to think for themselves. But independent thinking doesn't mean leaving them to guess what we want. It means giving them enough understanding to make good choices without constant intervention from us.
Perhaps the distinction between heelwork and loose lead walking isn't quite as important as we've made it.
Whatever we choose to call it, we need to be clear about what we're teaching.
Because a loose lead tells us the dog isn't pulling. It doesn't necessarily tell us the dog understands where we want them to be.