13/12/2023
Cat Urolithiasis
As I said in my previous story about bladder stones, the story is different between cats and dogs. Cats can get the same sorts of stones as dogs (except for the urate stones – I am not aware of a cat breed that has the same problem as the dalmation dogs). However, it must be a lot less common as I have never removed large stones from a cat. Much more commonly cats get tiny stones, as big as a small grain of beach sand. They seem to build up until there are thousands of them in the bladder. These tiny grains combine with proteins and other stuff in the urine and from a larger mass, a bit like blue metal pebbles in concrete (a matrix). In female cats they do not tend to cause a blockage. However, in males they are much more likely to fail to pass out of the urethra. Soon more and more lumps of the matrix and grains collect in the urethra, no urine can pass, and the cat is in serious trouble. If a cat squats too often as though it wants to p*e, and only a tiny dribble comes out, it may have a cystitis or some other problem which needs attention. If no urine at all comes out, you are probably dealing with a complete blockage. These are a real emergency and should not even be left overnight. There will often be a hard mass in the lower abdomen, from the size of an egg up to the size of a tennis ball, and touching it will cause a lot of pain.
Most of these can be treated by giving an anaesthetic and placing a catheter in the bladder via the urethra, or p***s. This can be quite difficult, and sometimes impossible. Sometimes surgery has to be performed. This involves amputating the p***s, and cutting the urethra open down at its narrow part. The urethra is then remodelled, and the cat looks a bit like it has had a s*x change from the back.
Both male and female cats which show lots of microscopic crystals or the bigger grains in the urine generally benefit from being placed on a specialised diet. One can mess around with tablets and dietary modifications to try and avoid the expense of the specialised diet, but many cats will then relapse. The occasional cat will relapse even when placed on only special food. These cats require multiple treatment strategies.
Remember my posts are not to assist people through the diagnostic minefield, only your Vet can diagnose the problem. And please remember to phone the Vet before you head there, they need to be able to prepare for an emergency or advise you to go elsewhere.