Vet diseases and treatment

13/08/2026

L*D
Vet diseases and treatment

13/08/2026

vet quiz with answers
Vet diseases and treatment

13/08/2026

mastitis
Vet diseases and treatment

12/08/2026

🐄 Theileriosis in Calves
Theileriosis is a tick-borne protozoal disease of cattle caused by Theileria species. In calves, severe infection can cause fever, anemia, enlarged lymph nodes, jaundice, weakness, and death.
🔴 Main clinical signs
High fever 🌡️
Enlarged superficial lymph nodes
Loss of appetite
Weakness and depression
Pale or yellow mucous membranes
Rapid breathing
Anemia
Weight loss
Sometimes diarrhea
Severe cases → recumbency and death
💊 Treatment
Treatment depends on the Theileria species and local drug availability. For tropical theileriosis (T. annulata), buparvaquone is commonly used, with supportive treatment such as fluids and correction of severe anemia when needed.
⚠️ Important: Dose should be calculated according to the calf's body weight and the exact product concentration. Avoid guessing the dose.
🛡️ Prevention
Regular tick control
Treat the environment and animals for ticks
Isolate affected cattle
Avoid moving heavily tick-infested animals into clean herds
Monitor calves for fever and enlarged lymph nodes
If you give me the calf's age, weight, temperature, and clinical signs, I can give you a specific treatment protocol and differential diagnosis.

11/08/2026

Fluid Therapy
The need for fluid therapy in the physiologically compromised
patient is well recognized. The horse undergoingexploratory
laparotomy for acute abdominal crisis is oftenin a state of
shock. Similarly, the bovine patient withabomasal torsion
often has major fluid volume and electrolyte defcits.
In the majority of the procedures described in thistext-
book,the patients are systemically healthy and do nothave
fluid imbalances prior to surgery; however, suchanimals do
need attention with respect to intravenousfluid therapy
while they are under anesthesia. The purposes of fluid the-
rapy for a normal animal during anesthesia are to provide
fluids for the patient’s maintenancerequirements, maintain
adequate organ perfusion, maintain normal acid-base balance,
and maintain an intravenous route for emergency medication
if needed.35
Two basic approaches are available in fluid management
of the surgical patient. The frst approach is to adopta standard
protocol devised to meet likely or anticipateddefcits; the
second approach is to acquire clinical andlaboratory data
on an individual patient and to administer the appropriate
fluids to meet the patient’s specifcrequirements. The frst
approach is simple and particularly convenient for the practi-
tioner in the feld, where itis not possible to obtain laboratory
data instantly. In addition, this approach is satisfactory for fluid
administrationduring routine elective surgery. For the pat-
ient with asystemic illness, however, such as an acute abd-
ominalcrisis, it is desirable to obtain as accurate an asses-
smentof the patient’s fluid volume, acid-base balance, and
electrolyte status as possible.
Vet diseases and treatment

11/08/2026

11/08/2026

🐄 ABNORMAL ESTRUS CYCLE IN CATTLE

The normal estrous cycle in cows is about 21 days (18–24 days).

⚠️ Signs of an Abnormal Cycle:
🔴 Heat returns after 2–3 days
🔴 Heat returns after 5–10 days
🔴 No heat for more than 24 days
🔴 Weak or silent heat
🔴 Prolonged heat signs
🔴 Repeated heat with failure to conceive
🔴 Abnormal or foul-smelling vaginal discharge
🔴 Weight loss and reduced milk production

🔍 Common Causes:
• Ovarian cysts
• Uterine infection/endometritis
• Poor nutrition or energy deficiency
• Heat stress
• Systemic diseases
• Hormonal disorders

💊 Treatment:
Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Veterinary examination, re**al palpation or ultrasound is recommended before using hormones.

✅ Improve nutrition and mineral supplementation
✅ Reduce heat stress
✅ Treat uterine infections appropriately
✅ Hormonal protocols such as GnRH or PGF₂α may be used when indicated by a veterinarian.

⚠️ Never use hormones blindly. Diagnose the cause first.

📌 Vet Diseases & Treatment

10/08/2026

trp in cattle

10/08/2026

Types of prolapse commonly discussed in large-animal practice:
Re**al prolapse 🐄
→ Re**al tissue protrudes through the a**s.
Vaginal prolapse 🐄🐑🐐
→ Vaginal tissue protrudes through the v***a, commonly during late pregnancy.
Vet diseases and treatment

10/08/2026

tow type of prolapse
Vet diseases and treatment