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Horsynergy I believe soundness and performance come from supporting the whole horse, not just training the body. Horsynergy is more than a training program.

Through nutrition, nervous system-based bodywork, and thoughtful movement, I help horses rediscover balance, ease, and resilience. My work is rooted in supporting the body from the inside out. Nutrition forms the foundation, followed by nervous system–based bodywork to restore mobility, reduce chronic tension, and create space where the body has adapted or guarded. From there, movement therapy and thoughtful training are used to build strength, balance, and coordination when the horse is ready. This approach applies equally to horses in rehabilitation and those in ongoing training, with longevity and soundness always at the forefront. It’s a philosophy that values balance, integration, and true collaboration between horse and human. The Celtic five-fold symbol woven into the brand represents the harmony found in nature and the importance of unity and interconnectedness. It serves as a reminder that when all systems are supported and working together, horses can move, learn, and exist with greater ease and resilience.

Part 9: What Changes When Pillar One Becomes Dynamic?Static Pillar One gives the horse an opportunity to find a differen...
09/18/2026

Part 9: What Changes When Pillar One Becomes Dynamic?

Static Pillar One gives the horse an opportunity to find a different organization at rest and begin to tone the nervous system, but ultimately, we need to take that organization into movement.

The passive support we established at a standstill is still there, but now the muscles surrounding the shoulder have to work.

The difference is that we're asking them to work from a better starting point.

In static Pillar One, reducing the demand for unnecessary stabilization gave the pectorals an opportunity to decrease excessive activity.

Once the horse begins moving, that relationship becomes dynamic.

As the forelimb advances and then accepts weight, the relationship between the humerus, sternum, and ribcage continually changes. The pectorals have to respond to those changes by lengthening, shortening, stabilizing, and yielding at different points in the stride.

Instead of remaining continuously recruited as structural stabilizers, the pectorals can begin returning to rhythmic changes in activity.

The same principle applies above the scapula.

At a standstill, the tensioned nuchal ligament provided a stable dorsal foundation while the rhomboids and trapezius had an opportunity to reduce unnecessary activity.

Now we get to use that foundation.

As the horse moves, the scapula has to glide and rotate against the thorax. The rhomboids and trapezius can begin dynamically changing their activity to help control that movement.

The passive ligament support hasn't disappeared.

It continues to provide a stable foundation while these muscles begin doing more active work.

We're not taking support away and asking an underprepared system to suddenly do everything on its own.

We're using passive support to create an environment in which the muscles can begin working through more appropriate patterns, then gradually asking more of them as the horse becomes capable.

This is also why Pillar One changes as the horse develops.

The Pillar One position isn't fixed.

A horse earlier in their development may need to come quite low to access enough cervical length and passive support for the muscles we're working with to reduce unnecessary activity.

That lower position serves a purpose.

It gives the horse somewhere they can organize without immediately falling back into the muscular strategies they're accustomed to using.

But that's not where we want them to stay forever.

As the pectorals develop a greater ability to lengthen and shorten appropriately, and the rhomboids and trapezius become more capable of dynamically stabilizing and moving the scapula, the horse can tolerate more muscular activity without that activity becoming brace.

That's development.

The muscles aren't becoming less active as the horse progresses.

In many ways, we're asking more from them.

But now they have the strength, coordination, range of motion, and balanced relationships necessary to meet that demand.

As that capacity develops, Pillar One can begin to come higher.

The horse can maintain the same principles of cervical length, thoracic support, and scapular freedom at progressively higher head and neck placements without reverting to compression or compensation.

The position changes. The principle doesn't.

This is why Pillar One shouldn't be understood as a particular head height.

For one horse, the position they need today may be relatively low.

For another, or for that same horse months later, the appropriate position may be considerably higher.

What matters is what the horse can support without compensation.

As the body develops, we progressively ask it to carry more of the load through active muscular support rather than relying as heavily on passive structures that initially made organization possible.

The goal is a horse whose pectorals, rhomboids, trapezius, and the rest of the thoracic sling can maintain increasingly sophisticated postural demands while still preserving mobility.

Pillar One evolves because the horse evolves.

The position meets the horse where their body is today, while giving them the opportunity to develop the capacity for something more tomorrow.

Part 8: Why It Matters How the Horse Finds Pillar OneIn the previous post, we looked at what changes mechanically when a...
09/16/2026

Part 8: Why It Matters How the Horse Finds Pillar One

In the previous post, we looked at what changes mechanically when a horse reaches forward, out, and down into Pillar One.

If the position itself creates those advantages, why don’t we just mechanically put the horse there?

Because muscle tone is controlled by the nervous system and that means how the horse gets into the position matters just as much as the position itself.

Pillar One starts before we ask for posture

Before asking the horse to follow a feel, we first need to know how they feel about touch without a request attached to it.

This is why neutral touch is such an important part of BTMM.

Can I place my hand on the horse without them immediately anticipating that something is about to happen?

Do they brace, move away, push into the contact, become more vigilant, or can they simply feel my hand without needing to respond?

Neutral touch gives us information about what contact already means to that horse.

For a horse who has learned that every touch predicts a request, or correction, simply placing a hand on their body may already create muscular activity before we've asked them to do anything.

And if there's already brace underneath our hand, we need to know that because we're about to use touch to have a conversation.

From touch to connection

Once the horse can distinguish neutral touch from a request, we can begin asking whether they understand connection.

Connection isn't simply pressure.

It is about a horse being confident in their relationship to contact.

They understand that contact doesn't trap them, they know how to search for the answer, they can follow a feel rather than brace against it, and that distinction matters neurologically.

Voluntary movement changes the conversation

When the horse actively follows a feel into Pillar One, they're participating in creating the movement.

The brain is generating motor output, the sensory information about that movement returns to the nervous system, and that information influences what happens next.

Rather than the nervous system simply reacting to an externally imposed position, it is actively organizing the movement.

The nervous system knows the movement is coming because it is participating in creating it.

Posture and nervous-system state aren't separate

There's another reason voluntary participation matters.

Head and neck position is related to how a horse interacts with their environment.

An elevated head and neck commonly accompanies vigilance and sympathetic arousal. The horse is organized to look, orient, react, and potentially move quickly.

A voluntarily lowered head and lengthened neck can occur within a very different state.

But that doesn't mean lowering the head automatically makes a horse relaxed.

If I physically force the head down while the horse feels trapped or threatened, I may have changed the posture without changing the underlying nervous-system state.

This is why context matters.

When the horse understands the connection, feels safe enough to follow it, and actively explores a less defensive posture, sympathetic drive may decrease alongside the change in muscular organization.

And as the need for vigilance and protection decreases, so can some of the muscular activity associated with maintaining it.

We aren't trying to create a shape

Pillar One is recognizable as a posture, but the posture isn't the only goal.

We're trying to create an experience in which the horse can sense their body differently, organize themselves differently, and discover that they don't need the same amount of muscular effort to feel stable.

That's why neutral touch matters.

That's why confidence in connection matters.

That's why we pay attention when a horse braces instead of simply overriding the brace.

Finding that organization at a standstill is only the beginning.

Static Pillar One gives the horse an opportunity to experience a different relationship between passive support, muscle tone, and posture without the additional demands of locomotion.

The next question is whether they can carry that organization into movement.

Part 7: What Changes Mechanically in Static Pillar One?If the horse is already struggling to support the front end, why ...
09/15/2026

Part 7: What Changes Mechanically in Static Pillar One?

If the horse is already struggling to support the front end, why would we ask them to lower their head?

Wouldn't that make them fall even farther forward?

** An important note: throughout this series, we’re following one possible compensation pattern in which the horse has been carrying the head and neck elevated and braced. For this horse, finding Pillar One involves allowing the head and neck to come lower. 

But lower isn’t always the answer. Some horses may actually need to bring the head and neck higher to find their starting Pillar One position. The goal isn’t to place every horse at the same height. It’s to find a position where that individual horse can begin to reorganize the cervical spine. **

First, we need to distinguish between simply lowering the head and what we're actually looking for in Pillar One.

It's forward, out, and down.

Pillar One isn't about dropping the horse's nose toward the ground.

The forward and out component is just as important as the down.

If the horse drops their nose while leaving the base of the neck compressed backward toward the chest, we haven't necessarily changed much.

The horse can be low and still be collapsed, braced, and heavily on the forehand.

In Pillar One, we're looking for length through the cervical spine.

The head reaches away from the body, the cervical region elongates, and the base of the neck has an opportunity to come forward out of the thorax rather than remaining compressed backward between the shoulders.

So the head position itself isn't what we're after.

We're looking for a different organization of the cervical spine.

And one of the first things that changes when the horse reaches forward, out, and down from an elevated and braced head position is the contribution of the nuchal ligament.

Passive support changes the equation.

The horse's head and neck are heavy, and gravity is constantly acting on that weight.

Fortunately, muscles don't have to do all of the work required to support them.

The nuchal ligament is a large elastic structure extending from the poll through the cervical region and continuing into the supraspinous ligament of the thorax. Its lamellar portion also connects the dorsal ligamentous system with some of the cervical vertebrae.

As the horse reaches forward, out, and down, tension through the nuchal ligament increases.

This allows the ligament system to contribute more passive support to the weight of the head and neck, reducing how much of that support has to come from continuous active muscular contraction.

Pillar One changes the balance between passive ligament support and active muscular effort.

As the nuchal ligament contributes more to supporting the head and neck, the dorsal cervical musculature can reduce their activity.

And when there is less active extension and retraction of the upper neck, there is less need for an opposing muscular brace underneath it.

The brachiocephalicus and omotransversarius no longer need to participate in the same degree of lower-neck brace.

The goal isn't for these muscles to become inactive.

It's for them to become available for movement instead of being continually recruited for stability.

And underneath them are the scalenes.

As the cervical spine reorganizes and the need for muscular bracing around the lower neck decreases, the demand on the scalene muscles changes too.

As we discussed in the previous post, this matters because of their relationship to the neural structures traveling through the lower cervical region toward the brachial plexus.

Reducing unnecessary muscular bracing can create a more favorable mechanical environment around those nerves.

The rhomboids and trapezius get a more stable foundation.

The cervical portions of the rhomboids and trapezius attach along the nuchal ligament before extending toward the scapula.

When that ligament is appropriately tensioned, it provides a stable dorsal foundation for the muscles attached to it while also carrying more of the gravitational load of the head and neck.

The muscles no longer need the same degree of continuous contraction simply to resist gravity and stabilize the system.

And because we're talking about static Pillar One, the horse is standing still. The rhomboids and trapezius aren't being asked to move and control the scapula through a stride.

They can reduce unnecessary activity and return toward a more appropriate resting length, leaving them available to contract dynamically when movement actually requires it.

Passive support allows the muscles to stop working so hard just to hold the body together.

Creating scapular space.

When the muscles surrounding the scapula maintain excessive activity, the shoulder blade can become functionally pinned against the ribcage.

As the rhomboids and trapezius reduce unnecessary stabilization, the scapula has greater freedom to change its relationship with the thorax.

We're creating enough freedom within that relationship for the scapula to glide and rotate rather than remaining rigidly fixed against the chest wall.

And that, along with the passive lift the nuchal ligament provides, gives the serratus ventralis a better mechanical environment in which to do its intended job: supporting the thorax between the forelimbs while remaining available to respond dynamically when movement begins.

And the relationship from below can change too.

In the compensation pattern we've been following, excessive pectoral tone was contributing to a downward and backward influence on the shoulder apparatus while also becoming increasingly recruited for stabilization.

As the organization of the head, neck, withers, and scapula changes in Pillar One, the pectorals no longer have to participate in that same degree of static stabilization simply to help keep the front end organized.

But we still have to address the why.

If the pectorals became chronically tense in response to hoof pain, respiratory difficulty, or another underlying physical problem, that problem has to be resolved first.

The same is true of the horse's environment and management.

We can help the nervous system and musculoskeletal system discover a different way of organizing the body, but if we then put the horse back into poorly fitting tack, or return them to an environment that repeatedly creates the same stress and protective response, we're continuing to give the body a reason to recreate the pattern.

Compensation exists for a reason.

Our job isn't simply to remove it. It's to understand what made it necessary, address what we can, and then help the horse develop a more functional option.

But mechanics are only half of the story

If the horse experiences contact as something to brace against, their response to the position may be very different from a horse who understands the connection and actively follows the feel.

This is why, in BTMM, the relationship to touch and connection isn't separate from the postural work.

It's what makes the postural work possible and that is what we’ll discuss next.

Part 6: When Front-End Dysfunction Doesn't Stay in the Front EndUp to this point, we've followed one potential compensat...
09/12/2026

Part 6: When Front-End Dysfunction Doesn't Stay in the Front End

Up to this point, we've followed one potential compensation pattern through the front end, but the horse doesn't have a front half and a back half operating independently.

When the thorax drops and the center of gravity shifts forward, the rest of the body has to organize around that change.

Different horses solve instability differently.

One horse may bring the hind limbs farther underneath the body and increase flexion through the lumbosacral region. Another may respond with more extension through the spine and pelvis. Yet another may use an asymmetrical strategy, or a combination of several different patterns.

Let’s look at two possibilities.

Strategy One: Bringing the hindquarters underneath

If the front end is carrying too much load, one possible strategy is to bring the hindquarters farther underneath the body in an attempt to shift the center of gravity backward.

The horse may increase activity through the abdominal muscles and hamstrings, creating a more posteriorly tilted pelvis and bringing the hind limbs farther forward beneath the trunk.

We may see:
• hind limbs camped underneath the body
• a more tucked or posteriorly tilted pelvic posture
• a roached appearance through the lumbar region
• increased muscular tension through the hamstrings or lumbar region
• a horse who looks compressed from both ends when the forelimbs are also camped underneath

None of those signs tell us why the horse is standing that way, but together, they may make us curious about what the horse is trying to stabilize.

Strategy Two: Stabilizing through extension

Another horse may solve the same problem almost oppositely.

Instead of bringing the hindquarters underneath the body, the horse may increase extension through the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral regions.

The back becomes more hollow, the pelvis may tip toward a more anterior orientation, and the hind limbs may remain farther behind the body.

In this strategy, the horse is creating stability through extension rather than flexion.

Externally, we might see:
• a hollow or dropped appearance through the back
• a more anteriorly oriented pelvis
• hind limbs that tend to remain behind the body
• difficulty bringing the hind limbs forward underneath the trunk
• reduced freedom through the lumbar and lumbosacral regions
• toe dragging or other changes in hind-limb clearance

Again, these aren't diagnoses.

They're observations that can encourage us to ask better questions.

And horses don't often choose just one. These two strategies make the concept easier to understand, but real horses are rarely this tidy.

A horse may use elements of both.

Compensation is adaptive.

The body is continually searching for a way to maintain balance, stability, and movement with whatever options are currently available and none of these signs automatically means a horse has thoracic sling dysfunction.

However, when we see them, particularly alongside some of the front-end patterns we've been discussing throughout this series, they give us a reason to widen the lens.

We have to consider the organization of the whole horse.

This brings us to the next question: if the horse is struggling to support the front end, what do we do about it?

That’s where we’ll go next.

Part 5: Now we can come back to the muscle that started this entire conversation: the brachiocephalicus.The brachiocepha...
09/10/2026

Part 5: Now we can come back to the muscle that started this entire conversation: the brachiocephalicus.

The brachiocephalicus is easy to see, particularly when it becomes prominent along the lower neck, but what we're seeing may not be the original problem.

It may be evidence of how hard the horse is working to solve one.

First, the brachiocephalicus is a movement muscle. Along with the omotransversarius, it contributes to protracting the forelimb.

Under normal circumstances, advancing the forelimb is part of a coordinated conversation.

The scapula moves, the humerus changes position, the trunk organizes around the limb, and muscles increase and decrease their activity as the horse moves through each phase of the stride.

But what happens when that movement is no longer freely available?

Moving the limb against resistance

In the compensation pattern we've been following, the pectorals are maintaining excessive tone and the muscles surrounding the upper scapula are providing additional stability.

The shoulder apparatus now has less freedom, but the horse still has to bring the leg forward.

The brachiocephalicus and omotransversarius therefore have to work within a system offering more resistance to the movement they're trying to create.

They may need to generate more effort to accomplish the same task and that increased workload can influence their development.

Increased effort during protraction may only be part of the story.

The dynamic between the pectorals and rhomboids influences how effectively the trunk is supported between the forelimbs.

The chest can settle lower between the shoulders, the base of the neck drops, and the horse becomes increasingly loaded toward the front end.

Now the horse has another problem to solve:
How do I keep myself balanced over my feet?

One strategy is to elevate the head and neck.

As the horse's balance shifts forward, the dorsal cervical musculature can become increasingly recruited to elevate and retract the head and upper neck in an attempt to rebalance.

But lifting the upper neck doesn't restore dynamic support through the base of the neck.

Instead, it can create an inverted cervical posture: the base remains dropped while the upper neck and head are carried higher and an inverted neck still needs to be stabilized.

This is where the brachiocephalicus can take on a very different role.

It contributes to stabilizing the lower cervical region while the dorsal cervical musculature stabilizes from above.

The result is something closer to a muscular brace around the cervical spine.

The neck becomes less of a dynamically moving structure and more of a relatively rigid lever the horse can use as part of its balance strategy.

What happens underneath the brace?

The brachiocephalicus is one of the easiest muscles in this pattern to see from the outside, but underneath it are deeper structures that make this compensation particularly important.

Among them are the scalene muscles at the base of the neck.

The scalenes connect the lower cervical vertebrae with the first ribs and contribute to stabilization and flexion of the lower cervical region, as well as elevating the first rib to aid in inspiration.

They also have an important relationship with the nervous system.

Several spinal nerves that eventually become part of the brachial plexus travel through the tissues at the base of the neck.

When the base of the neck is dropped and the cervical region is being held in a chronic stabilization strategy, the scalene muscles also maintain increased activity.

What happens to the nerves traveling through a region that has become chronically braced?

If muscular tone, cervical position, or surrounding tissue relationships reduce the available space around these neural pathways, irritation or mechanical compromise of the nerves contributing to the brachial plexus becomes something worth considering.

Those nerves ultimately contribute to the sensory and motor supply of the forelimb and the environment directly impacts their ability to function.

So a prominent or hypertonic brachiocephalic may be one visible clue within a much deeper pattern of altered cervical and shoulder organization.

Part 4: What Happens Above the Pectorals?In the last post, we looked at some of the reasons a horse might develop persis...
09/08/2026

Part 4: What Happens Above the Pectorals?

In the last post, we looked at some of the reasons a horse might develop persistent pectoral tension and the clues that may make us curious about what's happening underneath the chest.

Now let's assume, for the sake of following one potential compensation pattern, that the pectorals are maintaining excessive tone.

What is the cascade effect?

Opposing forces around the scapula

If persistent pectoral tension is influencing the lower shoulder apparatus downward and backward, the structures associated with the upper scapula have to respond to maintain organization.

This is where the rhomboids and trapezius become important.

Both influence the position and stability of the scapula, and both have attachments into the dorsal midline structures that include the nuchal and supraspinous ligaments.

The rhomboids connect the upper medial scapular cartilage to the nuchal and dorsoscapular ligaments from C2 to T8. They help position and stabilize the upper scapula in relationship to the trunk.

The trapezius has attachments along the nuchal ligament and supraspinous ligament before inserting onto the spine of the scapula.

If persistent tension from below changes the position or movement of the shoulder apparatus, these dorsal scapular muscles may have to increase their activity to maintain stability.

What happens when that demand never goes away?

Healthy muscular activity is dynamic.

Muscles continually increase and decrease their activity in response to changes in load, balance, movement, and sensory information.

A muscle should be able to work when it's needed and reduce its activity when the demand changes.

Now imagine the rhomboids being asked to stabilize the upper scapula while a persistent force continues influencing the shoulder apparatus in the opposite direction.

They aren't responding to one brief change in load.

They're working within a mechanical environment that keeps asking them for the same thing.

The nervous system is always monitoring muscle length.

Inside skeletal muscles are specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles.

Muscle spindles continuously provide the nervous system with information about muscle length and changes in muscle length.

When a muscle is lengthened quickly or unexpectedly, sensory neurons associated with the muscle spindle send that information to the spinal cord. Motor neurons can then increase activation of that same muscle, causing it to contract against the lengthening force.

This is the stretch reflex.

It's fast, involuntary, and protective.

But what if the stretch isn't a singular event?

If the shoulder apparatus is persistently being influenced in a direction that places the rhomboids and trapezius under increased length and load, those muscles are receiving ongoing sensory information about the mechanical situation.

They can be functionally lengthened while still maintaining significant muscular activity.

In other words: A muscle can be long and still be tight.

Stability begins to become brace

This is where a useful compensation can begin creating consequences of its own.
Initially, increased activity may help the horse stabilize the scapula, but stability and mobility have to coexist.

The scapula isn't meant to be rigidly fixed against the trunk. It needs enough freedom to glide and rotate as the forelimb moves through the stride.

If the muscles surrounding the upper scapula are continually recruited for stability, some of that freedom can be lost.

And if the scapula has less freedom and advancing the forelimb requires more effort, a muscle whose primary roles include bringing that limb forward suddenly has a much bigger job.

That muscle is the brachiocephalicus.

That's where we'll go next.

Part 3: The Pectorals In the previous post, we looked at some of the extrinsic muscles and how they organize the forelim...
09/04/2026

Part 3: The Pectorals

In the previous post, we looked at some of the extrinsic muscles and how they organize the forelimb and shoulder in relation to the rest of the body.

Now let's follow one potential compensation pattern, beginning underneath the horse with the pectoral muscles.

The problem begins when muscles that should be able to contract and return to neutral start maintaining more tension than the situation requires.

Why might the pectorals become chronically tight?

There isn't one answer. Muscle tone is regulated by the nervous system and continually adapts to the demands placed on the body.

Saddle and girth fit are worth considering.

Equipment that creates discomfort or excessive pressure around the sternum, ribcage, or shoulder can contribute to guarding through the chest. An overtightened girth may add another source of compression to tissues that are already struggling to move freely.

Habitual movement on the forehand can also change the demands placed on the pectoral musculature.

When a horse consistently manages more of their weight and movement through the front end, the muscles surrounding the chest and shoulder may be asked to provide more stabilization, deceleration, and control.

Lameness, hoof pain, and hoof imbalance are another important part of the picture.

The hoof is the interface between the horse and the ground. If landing or loading a foot is uncomfortable, the horse doesn't simply stop using that hoof. They find another way to organize the limb and the rest of the body around it.

Conditions such as navicular syndrome, thrush, heel pain, or low, collapsed, or run-forward heels may alter how comfortably a horse loads the foot, how the limb moves through stance and swing, and how force travels upward through the leg.

The resulting protective strategy can extend well beyond the hoof.

A horse may shorten the stride, change the landing pattern, reduce movement through the shoulder, or increase muscular stabilization higher up the limb. The pectorals may become part of that strategy as the horse attempts to protect a painful or mechanically compromised structure below.

Breathing and Diaphragm function

If breathing mechanics become restricted, due to altered ribcage mobility, pain, stress, or another underlying issue, the horse may recruit surrounding musculature differently to help stabilize and move the thorax.

That can increase demand on muscles around the chest and shoulder, including the pectoral region.

What might chronic pectoral tension look like?

These observations aren't meant to be diagnostic, rather they're clues that may give us a reason to look more closely.

Girth sensitivity may be one clue.

A horse might become defensive as the girth is tightened. Pectoral tension is certainly not the only possible cause of girthiness, but compression of already sensitive or guarded tissues around the sternum and chest may contribute.

A shortened or restricted forelimb stride may be another.

Because the pectoral musculature contributes to positioning the limb, excessive tone can influence how freely the forelimb moves. The horse may appear short or choppy through the front end, lack an easy forward reach, or have reduced freedom moving the limb.

Camped-under forelimbs

The deep pectorals have attachments between the sternum and humerus and contribute to retraction of the forelimb. During stance, that relationship also helps move the trunk forward over the grounded limb.

When excessive resting tone changes this relationship, the humerus and forelimb may be held farther underneath the body rather than resting more vertically beneath the shoulder.

A downhill appearance

The serratus ventralis, whose job includes supporting the thorax between the scapulae and helping absorb and return forces during locomotion, may have to increase its stabilizing activity to resist that downward pull of the pectorals.

Over time, the entire system can become less adaptable: the pectorals pull from below, the muscles around the scapula increase stabilization, and the serratus has less space to dynamically support the thorax.

The ribcage may begin to sit lower between the scapulae, with less elevation through the withers.

A base-narrow stance

The transverse pectorals contribute to drawing the forelimbs toward the midline.

Excessive tone through this region may therefore be one factor in a horse who habitually stands unusually narrow through the front end.

Reduced tissue mobility around the elbow and chest may also be noticeable on palpation.

When you explore the tissues where the limb meets the ribcage, the area may feel dense and resistant rather than soft and responsive almost like the elbow is “glued” to the ribcage.

These observations simply give us information about how the horse may be organizing their body, but if the pectorals are maintaining more tension, that tension doesn't stay isolated.

So what happens above the pectorals?

That's where we'll go next.

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